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Concept Explainer · Chemical & Process

Equilibrium vs. Steady State

Two very different kinds of "nothing is changing." One means every flow and reaction has stopped. The other means a process is running flat-out — and just happens to look identical on a chart.

Watch a temperature or concentration readout hold a flat line for an hour and it's tempting to call the system "at equilibrium." Sometimes that's right. Often it isn't. A continuously stirred tank reactor running full-tilt, with reactant pouring in and product pouring out every second, can produce exactly the same flat-line readout as a sealed flask that reached true chemical equilibrium years ago. The instruments can't tell the difference. The physics underneath is nothing alike.