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File Format Compatibility

CAD File Format Compatibility Reference

Which format to use when moving a design between CAD, PCB, and drafting tools — plus a quick picker for two specific programs.

Quick Export-Format Picker
Use: STEP (or Parasolid .x_t for higher fidelity)
Both tools share the Parasolid modeling kernel, so a Parasolid export preserves solid geometry with slightly higher fidelity than STEP, though STEP is simpler and works everywhere.
FormatCategoryBest ForNotes
.step / .stpSolid — NeutralExchanging solid models between different MCAD systems (SolidWorks, CATIA, Creo, Fusion 360, Inventor, Siemens NX)ISO 10303 standard. The most reliable general-purpose CAD exchange format for solids.
.igs / .igesSurface/Wireframe — NeutralLegacy surface and wireframe exchange with older systemsLargely superseded by STEP for solids, but still seen with legacy supplier files.
.x_t / .x_bSolid — KernelHigh-fidelity exchange between Parasolid-kernel tools (SolidWorks, Siemens NX)Preserves solid geometry precisely when both systems share the Parasolid kernel.
.stlMesh — One-Way3D printing, CAM slicers, and visualizationTriangulated mesh, not a precision exchange format. No parametric data — one-way output only.
.dwg2D/3D DraftingAutoCAD-native drafting, Civil 3D, Revit-linked 2D drawingsAutodesk's native binary format; the de facto universal drafting exchange standard.
.dxf2D/3D Drafting — NeutralInteroperability with software that can't read DWG directly (CNC, GIS, older third-party CAD)Plain-text or binary neutral format; more universally readable than DWG but can lose some data.
Gerber (RS-274X)PCB ManufacturingSending finished PCB designs (KiCad, Altium) to a fabrication houseOne layer per file (copper, silkscreen, solder mask); paired with an Excellon drill file.

About the CAD File Format Compatibility Reference

This reference summarizes the common file formats engineers use to move designs between different CAD, PCB, and drafting software, and offers a quick recommendation when moving between two specific tools.

Neutral formats vs native formats

A native format (.sldprt for SolidWorks, .CATPart for CATIA) preserves the full parametric feature history but is only fully editable in its own software. A neutral format (STEP, IGES, DXF) is understood by many different programs but usually arrives as "dumb" geometry — a single solid or surface body without the original feature tree, editable only via direct modeling rather than parametric history edits.

Choosing between STEP and Parasolid

STEP works between virtually any two MCAD systems and is the safest default choice. A Parasolid (.x_t/.x_b) export is worth using specifically when both the source and destination software share the Parasolid kernel (for example, SolidWorks and Siemens NX), since it can preserve geometry with marginally higher fidelity in kernel-native operations — but the practical difference is small enough that STEP is fine for almost all everyday exchange.

Frequently asked questions

Will I lose my parametric feature history if I export to STEP?

Yes, in the receiving software. STEP preserves accurate solid (B-rep) geometry, but not the original sketch-and-feature history that let you edit a hole diameter or fillet radius parametrically. The imported model typically arrives as a single solid feature that you can edit using direct modeling (push/pull) rather than the original parametric tree.

What format should I use to send a design to a 3D printer?

STL, which represents the model as a triangulated mesh approximation of its surface. It is a one-way output format — do not use it to move a design into another CAD package for further parametric editing, since it discards exact surface and history data.

Why does AutoCAD use both DWG and DXF?

DWG is AutoCAD's native binary format, preserving the full drawing database with the smallest file size, and is the de facto universal drafting exchange standard. DXF is a plain-text/binary neutral format built specifically for software that cannot read DWG directly (some CNC, GIS, or legacy CAD tools) — use DXF only when the receiving software specifically requires it.

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