Inspect a rectangular plant-cell cutaway with a cellulose wall, membrane, central vacuole, chloroplast grana and nucleus. Change external osmolarity to compare water uptake, turgor and plasmolysis.
• 3D scene parts: Cellulose cell wall; plasma membrane / protoplast; central vacuole and tonoplast; chloroplasts and grana; nucleus; cytoplasm and er. • Controls: External osmolarity (0–600 mOsm/L); Internal reference osmolarity (100–500 mOsm/L); Water equilibration rate (0.05–0.5 1/s). • Live readouts: Relative protoplast volume; Water movement tendency (relative/s); Turgor proxy; Membrane-wall separation (relative). • Guided experiments: Hypertonic surroundings; Hypotonic surroundings. • Four tabs (visual laboratory, curves and measurements, experiments, learn and assess), a model-verification run, a timestamped event log and a trial report.
Vtarget = clamp(1 + 0.0015(Cinside − Coutside), 0.55, 1.12) dV/dt = permeability(Vtarget − V) Turgor proxy = max(0, (V − 1)/0.12)
Molecular geometry, organelle dimensions and animation time are enlarged and illustrative. Colors identify structures rather than natural tissue color. This is a conceptual teaching model, not a cell physiology predictor. External and internal concentrations drive a bounded illustrative volume relaxation. Internal solute dilution, wall elasticity and water potential are not solved; turgor is dimensionless. Try the preset experiments, then compare the live readouts with the equations.
No. Geometry is enlarged and time is a teaching playback scale.
Around the vacuole.
Molecular geometry, organelle dimensions and animation time are enlarged and illustrative. Colors identify structures rather than natural tissue color. This is a conceptual teaching model, not a cell physiology predictor. External and internal concentrations drive a bounded illustrative volume relaxation. Internal solute dilution, wall elasticity and water potential are not solved; turgor is dimensionless.