← Plumbing Systems Studio
🔁

Backflow Preventer Selection Guide

IPC §608 · AWWA M14 · USC FCCCHR · ASSE

When to use: Every cross-connection between potable water and a source of contamination must be protected. The correct assembly depends on three factors: the degree of hazard (high = toxic contaminant, low = non-toxic pollutant), the backflow mechanism (backsiphonage vs. backpressure), and whether the device is under continuous pressure. Pick an application preset or set conditions manually.

Application
Conditions
Definitions
Backsiphonage — negative (sub-atmospheric) supply pressure draws water back into the main.
Backpressure — downstream pressure (pump, boiler, elevated tank) exceeds the supply and pushes water back.
High hazard — could cause illness or death (chemicals, sewage, process water).
Low hazard — objectionable but non-toxic (e.g., plain water aesthetic).
Recommended Assembly
PVB
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly
Alternative: SVB / SVBASpill-Resistant Vacuum Breaker
Why this assembly

High-hazard backsiphonage under continuous pressure calls for a Pressure (or Spill-Resistant) Vacuum Breaker. An RPZ also works if backpressure could later develop.

An air-inlet (vacuum breaker) plus a single check valve protects against BACKSIPHONAGE only — including HIGH-hazard backsiphonage. Rated for continuous pressure, but it CANNOT be used where backpressure can occur.

Test Requirements

Field-tested at installation and annually — verify the air inlet opens and the check valve holds (ASSE 1020).

Installation Notes

Install at least 12 in above the highest downstream outlet/head. The air inlet spits water when it opens — do not install indoors over finished space without drainage. Common on irrigation systems.

Code References & Notes
IPC §608 / UPC §603 — Cross-connection control & backflow prevention
AWWA M14 · USC FCCCHR Manual — Assembly selection by hazard & direction
ASSE 1013 (RPZ) · 1015 (DCVA) · 1020 (PVB) · 1056 (SVB) · 1001 (AVB)
Testable assemblies require certified annual testing by a licensed tester
When in doubt, the more protective assembly (RPZ or air gap) is always acceptable
Always confirm device approval & sizing with the local water purveyor / AHJ