Containers, clusters & scale — how modern applications are packaged, scheduled, balanced and replicated across pools of servers.
Namespaces and cgroups on a shared kernel — CPU quota throttling, memory limits and a modeled OOM kill.
Two guest OSes on one host — weighted vCPU scheduling and memory admission control under a hypervisor.
Pod scheduling across three worker nodes — resource requests decide placement, and a node failure evicts pods.
Round robin vs least-outstanding routing across three uneven backends, with queue limits and failure detection delay.
A utilization-based controller reacting to a demand surge — startup delay, replica ceiling and downscale stabilization.
Leader log and two followers — async vs two-copy quorum acknowledgment, replay lag and network partitions.
Invocations meet a bounded environment pool — cold starts, warm reuse, idle expiry and throttling.
Trace packets across public and private subnets — internet gateway, NAT egress, routes and security-group rules.
Edge caches on a geographic map — TTL, hits and misses, stale versions and origin outage.
Competing consumers vs fan-out pub/sub, with acknowledgments, redelivery and repeated side effects.