Flow regimes, pressure & Bernoulli's principle — the fundamentals of how fluids behave and move.
Follow a fluid parcel through pressure, velocity and elevation head changes on an instrumented three-station energy bench.
Accelerate flow through a metered throat, recover pressure downstream, and diagnose a differential-pressure flow meter.
Trace an injected dye thread to compare orderly laminar flow, the transition band, and turbulent mixing.
Compare inertial and viscous stress scales on a test-loop rig, choosing whether velocity or volume flow stays fixed.
Change flow, bore, length, wall roughness and viscosity and watch the pressure gradient, Darcy friction factor and dissipated hydraulic power respond.
Throttle a valve, foul a strainer and adjust elbow coefficients to see how local fitting losses add to distributed pipe friction.
Adjust discharge, channel geometry, bed slope and roughness, and solve for normal depth against critical depth and Froude number.
Compare a maintained-head discharge with an unfed draining tank, adjusting head, orifice diameter and discharge coefficient.
Adjust inlet flow, bore sizes, flow split and leak fraction, and introduce a deliberate meter bias to separate mass balance from indicated readings.
Adjust liquid depth, density, headspace pressure and probe position, and separate gauge from absolute pressure.