Kinematics, servo & encoder feedback, machine vision — how robots move, sense and correct their own motion.
Rotate a robot base and wrist, slide a tool offset, and track one probe point through world, base and tool coordinates.
Turn the yaw, shoulder and elbow joints of an articulated boom and compare the moving tool with the calculated endpoint.
Place a target for a two-link arm, switch between elbow branches, and explore reachability and singular poses.
Command an angle for a rotary actuator, tune proportional and derivative gains, limit torque and apply a load.
Spin an optical incremental encoder, read the A/B quadrature signals, reverse the shaft and inject dropped counts.
Compare revolute rotation, prismatic translation and a screw-coupled helical joint side by side.
Run a Cartesian gantry through a full pick-and-place cycle and check whether jaw force and friction can hold the payload.
Threshold a synthetic camera image of a rotated part and estimate its centroid and orientation from image moments.
Send a circular robot along a two-segment route past a column and test the whole path against the inflated obstacle.
Drive a ball-screw linear stage with a bounded PID force and compare disturbance rejection, sensor bias and feedback failure.