4–20 mA to Process Value Calculation

The scaling formula PV = LRV + (I − 4)(URV − LRV) / 16 with a worked example (12 mA on a 0–200 °C range gives 100.0 °C), percent-of-range form, and where the signal sits from field transmitter through the PLC and SCADA/HMI to the historian and operations.