This simulator models an online double-conversion UPS protecting a critical load, with a fixed 192 V DC battery rack feeding a rectifier/inverter stage. Enable the UPS, drop utility power, watch the battery pick up the critical load with no modeled transfer gap, then restore utility or run the reserve down and see protection trip on overload.
• A real-time 3D workbench of the backup system — a repeated-module battery rack, an online rectifier/inverter power-conversion unit, a critical load cabinet, a normal utility source switch, a backup supply path switch and a runtime/reserve instrument — with toggleable enclosure, auto-rotate, exploded view and selectable, callout-labeled parts. • Experiment controls: initial SOC for a new trial, a utility-available checkbox, critical load from 0.5 to 14 kW, battery energy capacity from 1 to 20 kWh, and UPS inverter rating from 2 to 12 kW. • Actions to enable or disable the UPS, lose utility, restore utility, and reset protection after a trip. • Pause, single-step (1 s) and 60 s advance, with playback from real time up to one hour per second. • A live sequence readout, switch-state tokens and status readings. • An Analysis tab with power/SOC history charts, the runtime and efficiency model equations, and snapshot measurements of battery SOC, battery AC contribution, utility input, unserved critical load, estimated battery runtime and battery conversion loss. • A Test & diagnose tab with four guided experiments (outage test, higher critical load, inverter overload, near-empty reserve), a model-verification bench, and a timestamped event log with trial report export. • A Learn & assess tab with four lessons, a two-question knowledge-check quiz, and a written model-scope statement with a reference link.
This is an online double-conversion architecture, not a standby UPS with a mechanical transfer switch. The inverter supplies the critical load continuously; only the source feeding the DC link changes when utility power is lost. Normally utility power feeds that DC link, and during an outage the battery takes over supplying it — the output inverter itself never drops out of the path, so the simulator models the transition with no interruption to the load.
When utility power returns, restoration resumes normal supply and allows up to 1 kW of battery recharge. If the inverter is overloaded beyond its rating, protection latches a trip that requires an explicit reset and a separate start command before the UPS resumes operation.
Estimated battery runtime follows Runtime ≈ (SOC − 0.05) × Enominal × η / Pcritical: usable energy above a fixed 5% reserve, scaled by the 93% battery conversion efficiency, divided by the present critical-kW demand. Because usable energy and efficiency are fixed for a given trial, runtime is inversely proportional to load — doubling the critical load roughly halves the estimated runtime.
Unserved critical load equals max(0, Pcritical − Pbattery,AC): it stays at zero as long as the battery or utility can fully supply the load, and rises whenever the inverter's rating, an overload trip, or an exhausted reserve leaves demand unmet. This is an aggregate energy model at a fixed 192 V DC bus — it excludes bypass transfer paths, inverter waveform regulation, AC fault behavior, battery aging and mains-path losses, so runtime is a current-load estimate rather than a guaranteed specification.
No. This models an online double-conversion UPS, where the inverter is already continuously supplying the critical load. When utility power is lost, only the energy source feeding the DC link changes — from utility rectification to the battery — so the simulator has no modeled transfer gap or switching delay.
Estimated runtime is usable stored energy (above a fixed 5% reserve) times 93% conversion efficiency, divided by the present critical-kW demand. Because that usable energy is fixed for a trial, runtime is inversely proportional to load — for example, doubling a constant load roughly halves the estimated runtime.
If critical load demand exceeds the UPS inverter's rating, the simulator models a protection trip. Unserved load then rises to cover the shortfall, and you must use the Reset Protection action and a separate Start command before the UPS can resume operation.
The model uses a fixed 192 V DC bus and aggregate energy accounting. It omits bypass transfer switching, inverter output waveform regulation, AC fault conditions, battery aging effects and losses in the mains supply path, so its runtime figures are load-based estimates rather than certified specifications.