This simulator traces a regulated CC/CV charger applied to a generic 3 Ah NMC-style teaching cell through its constant-current, constant-voltage and termination stages. Control the charge current and voltage ceiling and watch current taper as the cell's terminal voltage reaches the limit, or push conditions to a temperature inhibit.
• A real-time 3D fixture with the cell module, a CC/CV charger power stage, a four-terminal current shunt, four-wire voltage sense terminals, and a CC/CV mode instrument — with home view, focus-selected-part, full-enclosure toggle, exploded view, auto-rotate, expand and label controls. • Experiment controls for initial SOC (new trial), CC charge current (0.3–6 A), CV terminal-voltage limit (4.00–4.20 V) and ambient temperature (−10 to 45°C). • Live readouts for state of charge, terminal voltage, pack current, terminal power, cell temperature and delivered energy, plus an operating-sequence readout, switch-state panel and cell-readings table. • Playback controls: pause/resume, advance 1 s or 60 s, and a speed selector from real time up to 1 hour per second. • An Analysis tab with two charts and the charger equations (Icharge = min(Icc, max(0,(Vlimit−OCV+Vp)/R₀)), I = −Icharge, and the termination condition Icharge ≤ C/20 and SOC > 90%) plus snapshot measurements. • A Test & diagnose tab with four guided experiments (a full CC/CV cycle from 20%, a faster 6 A CC stage, a lowered 4.1 V ceiling, and a cold-charge inhibit below freezing), a model-verification bench, and a timestamped event log with report export. • A Learn & assess tab covering CC charging, CV charging, the termination criterion, and temperature supervision, plus a two-question knowledge-check quiz and a written model-scope statement.
The charger begins in constant-current (CC) mode, holding the set charge current steady while the cell's terminal voltage climbs as SOC rises. Once terminal voltage reaches the configured voltage-limit ceiling, the charger switches to constant-voltage (CV) mode: it now regulates voltage and lets current taper downward as the cell accepts less and less charge. This fixture's charge current equation folds in both the internal OCV and the polarization voltage (Vp), so a higher requested CC current or larger internal resistance brings the CV transition on sooner, as the "faster CC stage" experiment demonstrates.
This fixture terminates the charge once current tapers below C/20 (roughly 0.15 A for the 3 Ah teaching cell) and SOC exceeds 90% — it does not continuously float the cell afterward, unlike some real-world trickle-charge or float-voltage schemes. Charging is inhibited outright below 0°C or above 45°C ambient in this representative fixture, illustrated by the cold-charge-inhibit experiment, which shows zero current and an explicit temperature-inhibit state. This is a teaching model: charger regulation is purely algebraic with no converter ripple, and it is not a validated charger design or a cell qualification tool — real chemistry-specific limits require manufacturer data and a certified protection design.
Once the cell's terminal voltage reaches the configured voltage limit, the charger switches from constant-current (CC) to constant-voltage (CV) mode. In CV mode the charger holds voltage steady and lets current taper down as the cell accepts progressively less charge, which is the behavior traced in the simulator's current and voltage charts.
The fixture terminates charging once current tapers to C/20 or below and state of charge exceeds 90%. It does not continuously float the cell at the voltage limit afterward — it is a single CC/CV/termination cycle, not a trickle-charge maintenance model.
In this representative fixture, charging is inhibited entirely below 0°C or above 45°C ambient temperature. The simulator's cold-charge experiment sets ambient to −5°C to show the charger holding current at zero with an explicit temperature-inhibit state.
Charger regulation in this model is purely algebraic, with no converter switching ripple, and it is not a validated charger design or cell-qualification tool. It uses a generic 3 Ah NMC-style teaching cell with a fixed OCV–SOC curve and does not encode chemistry-specific manufacturer charge limits or a certified protection scheme.