Reflection, refraction & light — how mirrors, lenses and wave phenomena shape and split light.
Aim a light ray at a mirror and confirm the angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
Send a ray across a boundary between two media and watch it bend according to Snell's law as refractive index changes.
Increase the incidence angle inside a denser medium and find the critical angle where refraction gives way to total internal reflection.
Trace principal rays through convex and concave lenses and watch real and virtual images form as object distance and focal length change.
Trace reflected rays off curved mirrors and compare real, virtual, upright and inverted images as object position and curvature change.
Adjust the eye's lens curvature to focus light from near and far objects onto the retina, and see how near- and far-sightedness form blurred images.
Send coherent light through two narrow slits and read the bright and dark fringe pattern Young's experiment produces on a screen.
Pass light through a multi-slit grating and watch sharp spectral orders spread out as slit spacing and wavelength change.
Rotate a polarizing filter in front of polarized light and watch transmitted intensity follow Malus's law.
Send white light through a glass prism and watch wavelength-dependent refraction spread it into a visible spectrum.