Machining, forming & additive processes — how raw stock becomes finished parts, from CNC toolpaths and casting molds to layer-by-layer builds.
Run a four-flute end mill over a clamped billet and see feed per tooth, removed volume and a spindle interlock respond to feed, rpm, depth and cutter diameter.
Compare a lathe turning a Ø30 mm bar with a mill cutting a slot, with feed per revolution, feed per tooth and surface speed for each station.
Tilt a ladle into a sand mold and follow filling, the latent-heat solidification plateau and cooling of an aluminum-like casting.
Fill a two-part mold and compare separating force with clamp force, spot a short shot and see how cooling dwell sets the part temperature at opening.
Traverse a gas-shielded torch along a butt joint and see arc power, effective heat input per length and bead response to current, voltage and travel speed.
Estimate peak blanking shear force from perimeter, thickness and shear strength and see a press-capacity-limited stroke stall before the blank separates.
Follow an XY gantry depositing a thin-wall part and read material flow, filament consumed and layer build-up against layer height and travel speed.
Track a recoater, a laser scanning hatch lines and a lowering build piston while comparing nominal volumetric energy density with scan geometry.
Push a heated billet through a solid or hollow die and see area reduction raise exit speed, with a ram force check that can stall the press.
Measure a 20 mm cylinder with a micrometer and compare indication, thermal expansion and uncertainty interval against a tolerance band to accept, review or reject.