Separate glycolysis in the cytosol, pyruvate oxidation and the citric-acid cycle in the matrix, and electron transport on the mitochondrial inner membrane. Follow carriers, proton pumping and ATP synthase.
• 3D scene parts: Cytosolic glycolysis; mitochondrial membranes / cristae; matrix citric-acid cycle; electron-transport complexes; atp synthase. • Controls: Relative glucose supply (0–1 fraction); Relative oxygen supply (0–1 fraction); Block electron transport. • Live readouts: Aerobic glucose oxidation (units/s); Consumed glucose (units); Consumed O₂ (units); Idealized ATP production (units). • Guided experiments: No oxygen; ETC inhibitor. • Four tabs (visual laboratory, curves and measurements, experiments, learn and assess), a model-verification run, a timestamped event log and a trial report.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O Rate = min(glucose availability, oxygen availability) Stated ideal yield: 4 substrate-level + 28 oxidative = 32 ATP/glucose
Molecular geometry, organelle dimensions and animation time are enlarged and illustrative. Colors identify structures rather than natural tissue color. This is a conceptual teaching model, not a cell physiology predictor. Fixed 32 ATP per glucose is an ideal accounting convention; actual eukaryotic yields vary (often about 30–32) with shuttles and losses. Inhibition stops the modeled aerobic throughput; fermentation and independent glycolytic ATP are not solved. Try the preset experiments, then compare the live readouts with the equations.
No. Geometry is enlarged and time is a teaching playback scale.
No.
Molecular geometry, organelle dimensions and animation time are enlarged and illustrative. Colors identify structures rather than natural tissue color. This is a conceptual teaching model, not a cell physiology predictor. Fixed 32 ATP per glucose is an ideal accounting convention; actual eukaryotic yields vary (often about 30–32) with shuttles and losses. Inhibition stops the modeled aerobic throughput; fermentation and independent glycolytic ATP are not solved.