What Is a Microgrid?
A microgrid is a localized energy system that can operate connected to the main utility grid ("grid-tied mode") or independently as an island ("island mode"). It typically includes distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar PV, battery energy storage, combined heat and power (CHP), diesel generators, or fuel cells; local loads (buildings, street lighting, EV chargers); and a microgrid controller that coordinates all these resources to maintain stable voltage and frequency within the microgrid boundary.