The thrust-required/thrust-available curve, range and endurance via the Breguet range equation, the factors that set takeoff and landing distance, and the two distinct optimizations behind climb performance.
This module builds every flight-performance question from one comparison: thrust required against thrust available, and the excess-thrust gap between them. From there it works through the Breguet range equation and why best-range and best-endurance speeds differ — and differ again between propeller and jet aircraft — before turning to the concrete factors that set takeoff distance, landing distance, and climb rate.
By the end of this module you should be able to explain why an aircraft's best-range airspeed and best-endurance airspeed are not the same speed, and why that relationship flips between propeller and jet aircraft — a distinction the range and performance planning in later modules assumes you already have straight.