Pressure and energy principles in water systems, Bernoulli's equation, pipe flow and the Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach friction-loss equations, minor losses, and hydraulic grade line concepts.
Every water system, from a single service line to a citywide distribution network, is governed by the same energy accounting: pressure, elevation, and velocity head trading off against each other and being consumed by friction along the way. This module builds that accounting from Bernoulli's equation through the two friction-loss relationships every practicing engineer needs — Hazen-Williams for routine water distribution work and the more general Darcy-Weisbach equation — and closes with the hydraulic grade line, the single most useful diagnostic tool for spotting a pressure problem before it becomes a field failure.
By the end of this module you should be able to explain why the hydraulic grade line dropping below a pipe's physical elevation is a serious design problem, not a cosmetic one — a concept Module 9's pipe network content and Module 10's pump station content both depend on being second nature.