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🎓 Engineering Learning Studio

Smart Buildings Engineering StudioBACnet · ASHRAE Guideline 36 · Digital Twins · FDD · Calculators · Simulators

A complete learning environment for building automation and smart building professionals — BACnet network design, DDC controller programming, HVAC control sequences, energy analytics, fault detection and diagnostics (FDD), and digital twin technology.

BACnetDDCASHRAE 135Guideline 36Digital TwinFDDMQTTENERGY STARCx
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📖Studio Overview🗺️Interactive System Map
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Applied Smart Buildings & Building Automation Engineering Professional Program

25

Applied Smart Buildings & Building Automation Engineering Professional Program

Premium Content

Design and operate real building automation systems — BAS architecture, BACnet integration, DDC controllers, HVAC and lighting control sequences, metering, energy management, digital twins, fault detection and diagnostics, building analytics, smart sensors, system integration, commissioning, and BAS cybersecurity. 17 core modules, 5 complete real-project case studies (office building BAS retrofit, multi-building campus metering rollout, hospital HVAC FDD upgrade, BAS cybersecurity hardening, multi-tenant digital twin & analytics deployment), a 12-template documentation kit, and a certificate of completion. One-time purchase, no account required.

Explore the Full Curriculum →
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Knowledge Articles

27
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Why an Oversized Control Valve Hunts Instead of Modulating Smoothly
6 min read
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Pressure-Independent Control Valves: Why They Remove the Authority Problem
6 min read
📈
Why Coil Control Valves Use Equal-Percentage, Not Linear, Characteristics
6 min read
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Why Glycol Solutions Change Required Valve Cv (and Why It Is a Small Effect)
5 min read
⚖️
Why Balancing Valves Are the Practical Fix for Low Valve Authority
5 min read
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What Is Smart Buildings Engineering? A Complete Overview
8 min read
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BACnet Explained: The Building Automation Protocol Every Engineer Needs to Know
8 min read
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Building Management Systems (BMS): How Smart Buildings Work
9 min read
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Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) for Building Systems
7 min read
Demand Response for Buildings: How to Cut Peak Energy Costs with Smart Controls
7 min read
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MQTT and IoT Protocols in Smart Building Automation
7 min read
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ENERGY STAR and LEED: Building Certification Programs for Smart Buildings
7 min read
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BMS and OT Cybersecurity: Protecting Building Automation Systems from Cyber Threats
9 min read
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WELL Building Standard: What It Is, How It Works, and What Engineers Need to Design For
8 min read
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Digital Twins for Buildings: What They Are, How They Work, and What Engineers Need to Know
8 min read
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Project Haystack Semantic Tagging for Smart Buildings
9 min read
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BACnet/SC: Encrypted BACnet over WebSocket for Modern Building Networks
10 min read
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KNX Building Automation Protocol: The European Standard for Smart Commercial Buildings
8 min read
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Sub-Metering and Energy Dashboards for Building Performance Monitoring
9 min read
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Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB) and Demand Flexibility Programs
10 min read
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Wireless Sensor Networks in Buildings: Zigbee, LoRaWAN, Z-Wave, and Thread Compared
9 min read
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Carbon Tracking and Scope 1/2/3 Emissions Reporting for Commercial Buildings
10 min read
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Predictive Maintenance Using BMS Data and Machine Learning
11 min read
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BACnet vs Modbus vs KNX: Which Building Automation Protocol Should You Use?
11 min read
Low Voltage Systems in Commercial Buildings: AV, Security, Fire Alarm, and Building Controls
11 min read
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Smart Buildings Terminology Glossary: 55 Essential Terms Explained
13 min read
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ASHRAE Guideline 36: High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems
7 min read

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a license for smart-building / building-automation work?

There is no single government license for smart buildings. Professionals combine credentials such as the Certified Energy Manager (CEM), commissioning certifications (CxA/CBCP), LEED AP, vendor building-automation certifications, and — for engineered design — a PE in Mechanical or Electrical.

What is the Certified Energy Manager (CEM)?

The CEM, from the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), is the flagship credential for energy management and efficiency — covering auditing, HVAC and lighting efficiency, building automation, and measurement & verification. The exam is open-book, typically taken after an AEE seminar.

What certification matters for building controls?

Controls specialists pursue building-automation/BAS certifications tied to platforms (e.g., Tridium Niagara) and protocols (BACnet), plus hands-on integration experience. Engineers who design systems add a PE.

Do I need LEED for smart buildings?

LEED AP is valuable for sustainability and green-building roles but is not required for all smart-building work. Choose it if your projects pursue LEED certification or you focus on sustainable design.

What is the difference between LEED AP BD+C and O+M?

BD+C (Building Design & Construction) is aimed at architects, engineers and design teams working on new construction or major renovation projects. O+M (Operations & Maintenance) is aimed at facility and building managers running existing buildings — it covers sustainable purchasing, ongoing energy/water performance, and existing-building recertification rather than design. Choose the specialty that matches your role: design-side work vs. operating an existing facility.

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Concept Explainers

10
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Common-Mode Noise & Differential Measurement
Concept Explainer

Why BAS sensor wiring near VFDs and motors uses two wires instead of one. Side-by-side comparison of a single-ended signal getting corrupted by common-mode noise vs. a differential twisted pair canceling that same noise out.

Signal WiringNoise RejectionRS-485
Explain This →
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Drift, Offset & Span
Concept Explainer

The three ways a BAS sensor silently goes wrong — a constant offset, a growing span error, and drift, which is either one slowly changing over time. Illustrated with actual-vs-measured calibration curves a year apart.

CalibrationSensor AccuracyMaintenance
Explain This →
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DDC vs. Pneumatic Control
Concept Explainer

Why some buildings still have air lines running to every thermostat — and why that doesn't mean the control logic itself is still pneumatic. Compares a mechanical pneumatic control loop against a DDC loop where the logic runs as software, even when it still drives a legacy pneumatic actuator.

DDCPneumatic ControlBAS Retrofit
Explain This →
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Open vs. Proprietary BAS Protocols
Concept Explainer

Why the manufacturer choice made at installation can lock a building owner in for decades. Compares an open-protocol BAS that can mix and swap vendors freely against a proprietary system locked to one manufacturer — and what happens when that manufacturer discontinues the product line.

BACnetVendor Lock-InOpen Protocol
Explain This →
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Setpoint, Deadband & Throttling Range
Concept Explainer

Three control parameters that get treated like one 'sensitivity' dial — and why they aren't. Compares a deadband's no-action zone for on/off equipment against a throttling range's proportional response curve for modulating control, at the identical setpoint.

SetpointDeadbandThrottling Range
Explain This →
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Occupancy vs. Vacancy Sensors
Concept Explainer

Why 'auto-on, manual-off' isn't a convenience preference — it's the exact configuration wording ASHRAE 90.1 and Title 24 use to mandate which behavior certain spaces are required to have. Same sensor hardware, shown in both configurations.

Lighting ControlsASHRAE 90.1Title 24
Explain This →
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Return, Relief & Exhaust Air
Concept Explainer

Three different air paths a BAS sequence must handle differently. Return air is recirculated and reconditioned, relief air is surplus return air vented to balance incoming outdoor air, and exhaust air is dedicated, contaminated air that never comes back — confuse them and a sequence either wastes clean air or recirculates dirty air.

AHUPressurizationVentilation
Explain This →
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Demand-Control vs. Fixed Minimum Ventilation
Concept Explainer

Why a CO2 sensor and a reset sequence aren't automatically more efficient than a constant fixed-minimum rate. Compares a space ventilated at a flat worst-case rate all day against the same variable-occupancy space with CO2-based DCV — and shows why DCV only pays off when actual occupancy genuinely varies.

DCVCO2 SensorsASHRAE 62.1
Explain This →
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BACnet MS/TP vs. BACnet/IP
Concept Explainer

Why these aren't two competing BAS protocols, but two physically incompatible wires carrying the same BACnet application layer. Compares an RS-485 MS/TP field bus serving VAV boxes against an Ethernet BACnet/IP backbone connecting supervisory controllers — and why a router, not a cable, is what bridges them.

BACnetMS/TPRS-485
Explain This →
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Hardwired vs. Wireless BAS Sensors
Concept Explainer

Why 'wireless is cheaper' and 'hardwired is more reliable' are both half-truths. Compares a home-run twisted-pair sensor install against a self-healing Zigbee/LoRaWAN/EnOcean-style mesh — and shows where each one's real cost and failure risk actually lands over a 15-20 year service life.

Wireless SensorsZigbeeRetrofit
Explain This →
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Engineering Calculations

9
BACnet MS/TP Segment SizingPremium Content

Max devices per MS/TP segment from baud rate and token pass timing. Cable length and termination check.

BACnetMS/TPSegment Sizing
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BACnet/IP Bandwidth EstimatorPremium Content

Network bandwidth from device count, polling rate, and BACnet object size. Subnet sizing for BAS traffic.

BACnet/IPBandwidthSubnet Sizing
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VAV Box Airflow SetpointsPremium Content

Minimum/maximum CFM from zone area, occupancy, ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation, and cooling load.

VAVASHRAE 62.1Airflow
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Chiller Plant Optimization IndexPremium Content

System kW/ton from chiller, tower, and pump data. Part-load efficiency at varying PLR.

Chiller PlantkW/tonPart-Load
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Control Valve Cv SizingPremium Content

Required Cv from design flow (GPM), pressure drop, and fluid properties for chilled and hot water coils.

Control ValveCv SizingHydronics
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DDC Panel Heat DissipationPremium Content

Enclosure heat load from DDC controller, I/O modules, and power supplies. Cooling sizing.

DDC PanelHeat LoadEnclosure Cooling
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Setpoint Reset Savings EstimatorPremium Content

Annual energy savings from supply air temperature reset and chilled water temperature reset strategies.

SAT ResetCHW ResetEnergy Savings
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CO2 Ventilation Rate (ASHRAE 62.1)Premium Content

Required outdoor air CFM from occupancy and floor area per ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure.

CO2ASHRAE 62.1Ventilation Rate
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BACnet Device Point-Count EstimatorPremium Content

Estimate total BACnet point count from an equipment list (AHU, VAV, chiller, boiler, exhaust fan, lighting zone) for BAS network sizing and point-based licensing-tier planning.

BACnetPoint CountLicensing Tier
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Smart Buildings & BAS Certification Prep

7
LIVE
Exam Prep Overview — Smart Buildings

Smart-building and building-automation work draws on energy, controls and sustainability credentials. This overview maps the energy-management (CEM), commissioning (CxA/CBCP), sustainability (LEED), controls (BAS), and PE credentials.

OverviewRequirementsExam Strategies
Premium Content
Certified Energy Manager (CEM) — Practice Exam

CEM prep: AEE’s energy-management credential — auditing, HVAC/lighting efficiency, BAS and M&V.

AEECEMEnergy Mgmt
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Premium Content
Building Commissioning Professional (CxA / CBCP) — Practice Exam

CxA / CBCP prep: the commissioning process — functional testing, OPR/BOD, integration and retro-commissioning.

CommissioningCxA/CBCPFunctional Test
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Premium Content
LEED AP BD+C (Building Design & Construction) — Practice Exam

LEED AP BD+C prep: USGBC green new-construction/major-renovation credential — energy, IEQ, water and materials.

USGBCLEED APBD+C
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COMING SOON
LEED AP O+M (Operations & Maintenance) — Prep

LEED AP O+M prep: USGBC green operations & maintenance credential — sustainable purchasing, energy/water performance, and existing-building recertification.

USGBCLEED APO+M
Premium Content
Building Automation / BAS Certifications (e.g., Niagara, BACnet) — Practice Exam

BAS certifications prep (Niagara/BACnet): DDC controls, protocols, sequences of operation and integration.

BASNiagara/BACnetControls
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Premium Content
PE (Mechanical / Electrical) — Practice Exam

PE (Mechanical/Electrical) prep for smart buildings: HVAC & controls, electrical, energy and code-based design.

NCEES PEDesignStamp
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Simulators

8
BAS AHU Control Sequence SimulatorPremium Content

Simulate ASHRAE Guideline 36 AHU control sequences in real time. Adjust OAT, zone demands, and occupancy mode to see economizer logic, SAT reset, coil control, and fan speed respond.

ASHRAE Guideline 36EconomizerSAT ResetAHU
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Demand Response Event SimulatorPremium Content

Simulate a utility DR event for Office, Hospital, Hotel, or Retail buildings. Configure DR strategies, set event time, and see 24-hour load curves with peak reduction and cost savings.

Demand ResponsePeak DemandLoad SheddingPre-Cooling
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BACnet Network Traffic SimulatorPremium Content

Simulate BACnet/IP and MS/TP network traffic, token passing timing, and bandwidth utilization across a multi-segment building automation network.

BACnetMS/TPNetwork
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PID Control Loop TunerPremium Content

Tune PID parameters for HVAC control loops — VAV box, chilled water valve, supply air temperature — and visualize step response, overshoot, and settling time.

PIDControl LoopTuning
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HVAC Fault Injection SimulatorPremium Content

Inject common HVAC faults (stuck damper, sensor offset, simultaneous heat/cool) into a virtual AHU and observe BAS alarm response and FDD detection.

FDDFault DetectionAHU
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Digital Twin Building ViewerCOMING SOON

Planned: an interactive 3D digital twin of a commercial building that will show real-time BAS data overlays — zone temperatures, CO2 levels, VAV damper positions, AHU supply air temperature, and chilled water loop status by floor — letting you click any zone or equipment item to drill into its BACnet object list, active setpoints, and current operating mode.

Digital Twin3D BASBACnet Objects
Coming Soon
BAS Control Sequence SimulatorCOMING SOON

Planned: will simulate HVAC control sequences in real time on an animated AHU and VAV system model, letting you change outdoor air temperature, occupancy state, and load conditions and watch the control logic execute — economizer mode switches, heating/cooling coil valves modulate, supply air temperature resets, and VAV box dampers respond — based on ASHRAE Guideline 36 sequences.

ASHRAE Guideline 36Control SequencesAHU Simulation
Coming Soon
Smart Building Analytics DashboardCOMING SOON

Planned: an interactive energy and comfort analytics dashboard for a simulated commercial building that will display trending data for energy consumption (kWh), demand (kW), zone temperatures, humidity, CO2 levels, and occupancy, and will highlight fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) alarms from common equipment faults: stuck dampers, sensor offsets, and simultaneous heating and cooling.

FDDEnergy AnalyticsComfort Monitoring
Coming Soon
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Interactive Readers

5
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Smart Buildings Design Reference
12 sections · Interactive Reader

Interactive 12-section smart buildings reference covering BAS design (BACnet), HVAC control sequences (ASHRAE Guideline 36), lighting controls, energy metering, IAQ monitoring, IoT sensors, access control integration, and LEED/WELL certification. First 3 free to preview.

BACnet BASASHRAE GL-36DALI LightingLEED/WELL
Open Reader →
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Building Management System Use Case
23 sections · Interactive Reader

Complete 23-section interactive use-case guide — one office building carried end-to-end across 15 chapters and 7 appendices: OPR, Basis of Design, BMAS architecture, HVAC/lighting control, drawings & schedules, bill of materials, commissioning, and handover. First 3 free to preview.

BMAS ArchitectureOPR/BODAHU/VAV ControlBOM & Costing
Open Reader →
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Building Systems Engineering Handbook
44 sections · Interactive Reader

Complete 44-section interactive handbook — 35 chapters and 6 appendices spanning electrical, fire protection, plumbing, HVAC, and low-voltage/security systems, unified by a BMS/BAS architecture, plus a fully worked integrated sample building design with 29 coordination drawings. First 3 free to preview.

ElectricalFire & Life SafetyPlumbing/HVACBMS Integration
Open Reader →
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Integrated Building Design: A Complete Multi-Discipline Package — Illustrated Guide
22 sections · Interactive Reader

A 22-section interactive guide built around one real commercial building design submittal package — electrical, fire protection, plumbing, HVAC, structured cabling, and BMS/BAS all coordinated through a single project, from system overview diagrams through equipment schedules, bill of materials, and final commissioning. First 3 free to preview.

Multi-Discipline CoordinationBMS/BAS IntegrationEquipment SchedulesCommissioning
Open Reader →
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Building Management Systems & Low Voltage — Illustrated Guide
63 sections · Interactive Reader

Complete 63-chapter interactive guide — BACnet/BAS protocol architecture and HVAC-BMS integration, fire alarm systems and access control integration, video surveillance and intercom, structured cabling and telecom bonding, low-voltage wiring and panels, HVAC economizer/DDC control, BAS network segmentation, and submittal documentation. First 3 free to preview.

BACnet/BASAccess ControlStructured CablingHVAC-DDC Integration
Open Reader →
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Design Tools

5
BACnet Network Architecture DesignerCOMING SOON

Planned: will let you design a BACnet building automation network with MS/TP segments, BACnet/IP subnets, BBMD routing, and device addressing from floor count, controller types (DDC, VAV, FCU), and communication speeds — outputting a network topology diagram, segment loading analysis, and device object count per controller validated against ASHRAE 135 device profile requirements.

BACnetASHRAE 135MS/TP
Coming Soon
DDC Controller & I/O Point CounterCOMING SOON

Planned: will let you build a full BAS point list from HVAC equipment schedules (AHUs, VAV boxes, FCUs, chillers, boilers, pumps), automatically counting DI, DO, AI, AO points, assigning them to DDC controllers, and recommending controller model and panel layout — outputting a points list formatted for control submittals and sequences of operation.

DDCPoint ListControls Submittal
Coming Soon
Sequence of Operations BuilderCOMING SOON

Planned: will let you build sequences of operation for common HVAC systems (VAV AHU, dual-duct, chilled water, hot water, economizer, DX unit) using a step-by-step wizard, generating formatted sequence text per ASHRAE Guideline 36 that can be exported to a controls submittal or owner's project requirements (OPR) document.

ASHRAE Guideline 36SequencesControls Submittal
Coming Soon
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Benchmarking ToolCOMING SOON

Planned: will let you calculate building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/sq ft/yr) from utility bills or metered data and benchmark it against CBECS national median, ENERGY STAR median, and ASHRAE 90.1 baseline for your building type — identifying high-consumption end uses and quantifying savings potential from common ECMs (setpoint reset, scheduling optimization, VFD retrofits).

EUIENERGY STARASHRAE 90.1
Coming Soon
Smart Lighting Control Zone LayoutCOMING SOON

Planned: will let you design a smart lighting control system for a floor plan — assigning zones, occupancy sensors (PIR, dual-tech, ultrasonic), daylight sensors, and dimming controllers, calculating switching/dimming zones per IES RP-1, ASHRAE 90.1 mandatory lighting controls, and LEED EAc compliance, and outputting a zone schedule and wiring schematic.

IES RP-1ASHRAE 90.1Daylight Harvesting
Coming Soon